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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

467
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
467
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

422
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
422
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

709
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
709
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

827
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
827
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

294
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
294
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

7.0K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Externally triggered drug delivery systems.

Huiyang Hu1, Prabhakar Busa1, Yue Zhao2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.

Smart Materials in Medicine
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Externally triggered drug delivery systems offer personalized medicine by allowing controlled drug release via external stimuli like light or ultrasound. This enhances patient adherence and enables precise therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
External stimuli-responsiveHydrogelNanoparticlesOn-demand drug deliveryTemperature-sensitive polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Externally triggered drug delivery systems offer precise control over medication release.
  • These systems enhance patient adherence by eliminating needles and providing reminders.
  • Personalized medicine is advanced through patient control over drug release timing, dosage, and duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in externally triggered drug delivery systems.
  • To discuss construction strategies and release mechanisms.
  • To explore applications in clinical disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research on drug release systems responsive to external stimuli (light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, temperature).
  • Discussion of system construction strategies.
  • Analysis of triggered drug release mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing drug delivery systems responsive to external stimuli.
  • Various stimuli like light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and temperature can be used to trigger drug release.
  • These systems demonstrate potential for targeted drug delivery and improved disease management.

Conclusions:

  • Externally triggered drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement in personalized medicine.
  • These systems offer enhanced patient adherence and precise therapeutic interventions.
  • Continued research in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology will drive further innovation in this field.