Physiotherapy Approaches for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Multimodal Conservative Management Strategy

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complex, multifactorial disorder affecting the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and associated structures. These disorders are also associated with other symptoms affecting the head and neck region, such as headaches, ear-related symptoms, cervical spine dysfunction, and altered head and neck posture. TMDs require multidisciplinary care. Physiotherapy is one of the pillars of TMD management; it is part of the non-invasive treatment recommended by medical guidelines. It aims to eliminate or significantly reduce pain and functional discomfort, reduce muscle tone, and increase the range of mandibular movement. Physiotherapy also remains a preferred therapeutic choice in the management of generalized myalgia, tension headaches, and myofascial pain. Physiotherapy modalities include behavioral education, physical therapy, manual therapy, and self-rehabilitation. This article aims to determine the major interest that physiotherapy brings to the treatment of TMDs while detailing these modalities.