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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Common Neurogenetic Trait/State of All Addictions: Is this the new DSM?

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Is It Scientifically Possible To 'Cure" Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Via Transplice Molecular Genetic Technology?

Kenneth Blum1,2,3,4, Alireza Sharafshah5, Kai -Uwe-Lewandowski4,6

  • 1Division of Addiction Research and Education, Center for Sports, Exercise and Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.

Acta Scientific Neurology
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) involves dopamine dysregulation, potentially linked to genetics. Research is refining the gene network for RDS behaviors, exploring gene editing for potential "cures".

Keywords:
Dopamine DysregulationGene EditingGenetic TestingMessenger RNA (mRNA)Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)Trans -Splicing Molecular Genetic Testing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), coined in 1995, describes dissatisfaction due to dopaminergic dysregulation.
  • The DRD2 Taq A1 polymorphism is associated with reduced D2 receptors, a key feature of RDS.
  • The concept of RDS as a unifying theory for mental illness requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic underpinnings of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).
  • To identify a predictive gene network for RDS behaviors.
  • To investigate novel therapeutic approaches, including gene editing, for RDS.

Main Methods:

  • Deep silico Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) meta-meta-analysis.
  • Pharmacogenomic mining to identify relevant genes.
  • Analysis of gene networks and specific gene associations (DRD2, DRD4, OPRMI, COMT, 5-HTTLR).

Main Results:

  • Over 700 genes have been implicated in RDS behaviors.
  • A predictive gene network of 29 genes for RDS behaviors has been identified.
  • A core network of 15 genes, including DRD2, DRD4, OPRMI, COMT, and 5-HTTLR, has been highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • A complex genetic basis underlies RDS behaviors.
  • The RDS Consortium is developing gene editing technologies for potential RDS treatment.
  • Further research is crucial to validate findings and advance therapeutic strategies.