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[Modern trend in artificial joints].

M Sakurai

    Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Artificial joint replacements address joint destruction from arthritis and other conditions. Innovations focus on improved materials and designs to enhance durability and reduce wear, minimizing the need for revision surgery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Biomaterials science
    • Mechanical engineering

    Context:

    • Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and bone tumors often necessitate joint replacement surgery.
    • In 1984, Japan performed approximately 27,400 joint replacement surgeries, including hip replacements.
    • Traditional artificial joints utilize materials like stainless alloy, alumina-ceramic, polyethylene, and silicon-rubber, often fixed with methacrylate bone cement.

    Purpose:

    • To review current materials and designs for artificial joints.
    • To highlight advancements in cementless fixation and wear reduction.
    • To emphasize strategies for improving implant durability and preventing infection.

    Summary:

    • Bone cement, while common for anchoring artificial joints, presents challenges during revision surgery.

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  • Newer cementless designs are emerging, alongside material innovations.
  • Reduced friction (e.g., ceramic-polyethylene) and polycentric designs decrease wear on artificial joints and bone structures.
  • Optimizing material selection and implant design significantly enhances durability.

    • Impact:

    • Improved longevity and performance of artificial joints.
    • Potential reduction in revision surgery rates due to enhanced durability.
    • Minimizing wear and bone structure degradation through advanced biomaterials and biomechanical designs.
    • Strict adherence to sterile techniques and antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial to prevent implant-associated infections.