Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

1.1K
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
1.1K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

433
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
433
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

6.7K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.7K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

7.6K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
7.6K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

7.1K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
7.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

994
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
994

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-resolution genotype-free mapping of genetic variation with CRI-SPA-Map.

Genome research·2026
Same author

High-resolution, genotype-free mapping of genetic variation with CRI-SPA-Map.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Genotype-by-environment interactions shape ubiquitin-proteasome system activity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Assembly, stability, and dynamics of the infant gut microbiome are linked to bacterial strains and functions in mother's milk.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

<i>Trans</i>-eQTL hotspots shape complex traits by modulating cellular states.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

Substrate-specific effects of natural genetic variation on proteasome activity.

PLoS genetics·2023
Same journal

Adaptive Dynamics of Quantitative Traits in a Steadily Changing Environment.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Functional Landscape of Zebrafish Gonadotropins and Receptors: A Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Synergistic actions of Nup43 and Myosin VI drive actin cone assembly during Drosophila spermiogenesis.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Identification of two Cryptococcus neoformans heme transporters involved in Fhb1-mediated nitrosative stress protection in a fission yeast model.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Analysis of a hypomorphic mei-P26 mutation reveals coordination between developmental programming of germ cells and meiotic chromosome dynamics.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Neural and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Copulation Latency in Male Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

10.9K

Genotype-by-environment interactions shape ubiquitin-proteasome system activity.

Randi R Avery1, Mahlon A Collins1, Frank W Albert1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.

Genetics
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genotype-by-environment interactions significantly shape the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), impacting protein degradation. This study reveals how environmental factors and genetic variations interact to control this essential cellular process.

Keywords:
Saccharomyces cerevisiaegenotype-by-environment interactionsquantitative trait lociubiquitin-proteasome system

More Related Videos

Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain
09:25

Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain

Published on: May 21, 2019

6.8K
Monitoring of Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in Living Cells Using a Degron dgn-destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein GFP-based Reporter Protein
10:25

Monitoring of Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in Living Cells Using a Degron dgn-destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein GFP-based Reporter Protein

Published on: November 10, 2012

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

10.9K
Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain
09:25

Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain

Published on: May 21, 2019

6.8K
Monitoring of Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in Living Cells Using a Degron dgn-destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein GFP-based Reporter Protein
10:25

Monitoring of Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in Living Cells Using a Degron dgn-destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein GFP-based Reporter Protein

Published on: November 10, 2012

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) are crucial for organismal traits but poorly understood at the molecular level.
  • Protein degradation, mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), is vital for cellular and organismal health.
  • Limited knowledge exists on how GxE influences fundamental molecular processes like protein degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize GxE in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).
  • To investigate how environmental conditions modulate the genetic control of protein degradation.
  • To identify genomic regions responsible for GxE in UPS activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates across eight diverse environments.
  • Measured UPS degradation activity for six distinct protein substrates.
  • Mapped genetic loci influencing UPS activity across all environment-substrate combinations.

Main Results:

  • Discovered extensive GxE in the genetics of the UPS, with environmental effects differing between yeast isolates and substrates.
  • Identified hundreds of genetic loci exhibiting environment-dependent effects, including presence/absence and sign-change GxE.
  • Found GxE loci clustered near core UPS genes and regulatory regions affecting gene expression, suggesting indirect genetic contributions.

Conclusions:

  • GxE profoundly impacts the ubiquitin-proteasome system and protein degradation.
  • Genetic variation in UPS activity is highly sensitive to environmental context.
  • Complex interplay between environment and genetics governs protein degradation pathways.