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The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty – Techniques, Innovations, and Practical Guidance for Clinical Integration

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Management of Incus Dislocation From Attempted Foreign Body Removal With Alligator Forceps.

Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez¹, Ryka Vahidi¹, Nicole Kani¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal

|August 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Foreign body removal attempts can cause middle ear trauma, leading to tympanic membrane perforations and hearing loss. Prompt surgical intervention for ossicular dislocation can restore hearing and resolve symptoms.

Keywords:

conductive hearing loss cotton swab cotton-tipped applicator ear foreign body incus interposition ossicular dislocation ossicular reconstruction tympanic membrane perforation tympanoplasty

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Trauma Surgery
Audiology

Background:

Middle ear trauma, including foreign body (FB) impaction, frequently results in tympanic membrane (TM) perforations and ossicular chain disruption.
Improper FB removal techniques can exacerbate these injuries, leading to significant hearing impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of acute hearing loss due to FB-induced incus dislocation.
To emphasize the critical role of timely diagnosis and surgical management in trauma-related ossicular injuries.

Main Methods:

A case report of a 29-year-old male with hearing loss after Q-tip removal attempt.
Physical examination revealing incus dislocation through the TM.
Audiometry confirming moderate conductive hearing loss.
Surgical intervention involving tympanoplasty and incus interposition.

Main Results:

The patient experienced acute right-sided hearing loss, aural fullness, and tinnitus.
Physical examination confirmed a dislocated incus protruding through the TM.
Surgical reconstruction led to significant hearing improvement and tinnitus resolution.

Conclusions:

Trauma-induced ossicular dislocation requires prompt surgical intervention.
Tympanoplasty with ossicular chain reconstruction is effective in restoring hearing and alleviating symptoms.
Proper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial for managing middle ear trauma.