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Do Autonomic Nervous System and Perceived Exertion Responses Differ Between Walking and Virtual Reality-Engaged

G Demircioglu1, S Ozkan2

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
|August 30, 2025
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Summary

Virtual reality walking induced greater sympathetic nervous system activation than traditional treadmill walking, though perceived exertion and recovery were similar. This suggests potential for VR in rehabilitation strategies targeting autonomic responses.

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous systemsympathetic nervous systemvirtual realitywalking

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

  • Walking is crucial for cardiovascular health and autonomic regulation.
  • Treadmill walking is a common method for exercise and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare physiological responses between treadmill walking and virtual reality (VR) walking.
  • To investigate the effects on the autonomic nervous system, recovery, and perceived exertion.

Main Methods:

  • 40 sedentary participants were divided into treadmill and VR groups.
  • Both groups underwent 20-minute walking protocols; the VR group used Wii Fit.
  • Autonomic parameters (HR, PNS, SNS, SI, LF/HF) and perceived exertion (OMNI scale) were measured pre- and post-exercise, and during recovery.

Main Results:

  • The VR group exhibited greater sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation compared to the treadmill group.
  • Heart rate (HR) and LF/HF ratio showed significant changes in both groups post-exercise.
  • Perceived exertion was similar across all time points for both groups, but autonomic responses differed.

Conclusions:

  • VR walking can elicit distinct autonomic responses, specifically increased SNS activation, due to immersion.
  • Recovery profiles were comparable between treadmill and VR walking.
  • Findings support the development of VR-based rehabilitation programs tailored to autonomic nervous system responses.