Plinia cauliflora Leaf Extract Promotes Wound Healing Through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial...

Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel (jabuticaba) is traditionally used by Brazilian indigenous communities for therapeutic purposes, including the treatment of wounds and inflammation. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of an ethanolic extract derived from P. cauliflora leaves (ethanolic extract from P. cauliflora leaves [EEPC]). UHPLC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed 13 active phenolic compounds, with gallic acid being the most prevalent at 319.5 µg/mg extract. EEPC demonstrated significant antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 4.42 ± 0.91 µg/mL, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by 63% and inhibiting lipid peroxidation by 63.69%. Furthermore, it exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α levels by 40% and 74%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL. EEPC also reduced Staphylococcus aureus biofilm adhesion by 95.40%. Notably, EEPC enhanced fibroblast migration by 95.40%, suggesting its potential for wound healing. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of EEPC and the value of Brazilian biodiversity for biomedical applications.