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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

11.9K
Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

23.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis
14:32

Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis

Published on: April 8, 2018

18.3K

Polysome sorting controls mRNA localization and protein fate.

Adham Safieddine1, Jonathan Bizarro2, Soha Salloum3

  • 1Development, Adaptation, and Aging (Dev2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.

Trends in Cell Biology
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nascent proteins, not just RNA sequences, actively guide RNA localization and local translation. This cotranslational control ensures proteins reach their needed cellular destinations.

Keywords:
EJCHSP90/R2TP chaperone (PAQosome)centrosomal mRNAscotranslational assemblymRNA localizationpolysome transport

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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis
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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA localization and local translation are crucial for cellular processes like embryo patterning.
  • Traditionally, cis-acting RNA sequences were thought to solely regulate mRNA transport and translation, with mRNAs silent during transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging evidence on the role of nascent proteins in RNA localization.
  • To highlight the significance of cotranslational interactions in controlling protein synthesis and fate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA localization and local translation.
  • Analysis of specific examples: translation factories and centrosomal mRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Nascent proteins can actively participate in RNA localization.
  • Polysomes can regulate their own transport and delivery.
  • Cotranslational interactions are key for spatiotemporal control.

Conclusions:

  • The role of nascent proteins in RNA localization challenges the traditional paradigm.
  • Cotranslational interactions offer a new perspective on protein synthesis and cellular function regulation.