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A novel approach to develop the turning tool for cryogenic internal cooling.
Yongquan Gan1, Ziqi Dai2, Hanbing Zhang2
1School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116024, China. yq_gan@163.com.
Scientific Reports
|August 31, 2025
Summary
Optimized liquid nitrogen (LN2) internal spray cooling turning tools reduce cutting temperatures by 23% and surface roughness by 20%. This advancement enhances cooling efficiency and tool life in machining operations.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
- Manufacturing Technology
Background:
- Internal spray cooling with liquid nitrogen (LN2) offers precise cooling at the cutting edge, improving machining efficiency.
- Specialized tools are required for LN2 internal spray cooling, but a comprehensive development methodology is lacking.
- Previous research has laid the groundwork for optimizing LN2-cooled tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To further optimize the turning tool for liquid nitrogen (LN2) internal spray cooling.
- To investigate the influence of nozzle structures and outlet elbow angles on cooling performance and cavitation.
- To propose a comprehensive development method for LN2 internal spray cooling turning tools.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the impact of nozzle structures on jet characteristics.
- Analyzed the effect of the outlet elbow angle on cavitation within the cooling channels.
- Designed an insulation structure for the primary liquid nitrogen transmission channel.
- Developed and proposed a comprehensive method for creating these specialized tools.
Main Results:
- The optimized turning tool demonstrated an approximate 23% reduction in cutting temperature.
- Surface roughness was decreased by approximately 20% when using the optimized tool.
- Tool wear was reduced by approximately 25%, indicating improved tool longevity.
Conclusions:
- The developed comprehensive method successfully optimizes turning tools for LN2 internal spray cooling.
- The optimized tool design significantly enhances machining performance, evidenced by reduced temperature, roughness, and wear.
- This advancement addresses the technological gap in developing specialized tools for efficient cryogenic cooling in machining.
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