[Lupus erythematosus]

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of autoimmune dermatoses. Four main forms are distinguished: acute (ACLE), subacute (SCLE), intermediate (ICLE), and chronic CLE (CCLE). Epidemiological studies show that the overall risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is highest within the first 3 years following diagnosis of CLE. Therefore, patients with newly diagnosed CLE should be closely monitored for systemic symptoms, especially in the first few years following CLE diagnosis. Therapy of CLE includes both topical and systemic approaches. Treatment of SLE with organ and cutaneous manifestation should ideally be treated in close cooperation with an internal medicine rheumatologist. The overall therapeutic landscape of lupus erythematosus in increasingly moving toward personalized approaches.