Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation as Minimally Invasive Approaches for Managing Benign Thyroid Nodule

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Management of benign thyroid nodules traditionally involved surgery.
• Minimally invasive techniques like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) offer alternatives.
• RFA and MWA provide effective treatment with preserved thyroid function and reduced recovery time.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a standardized protocol for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) of benign thyroid nodules.
• To optimize the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of these minimally invasive thermal ablation techniques.
• To provide a practical reference for clinicians adopting RFA and MWA for thyroid nodule management.

Main Methods:

• Cytological confirmation (Bethesda II) and ultrasound evaluation are initial steps.
• Procedures involve local anesthesia, hydrodissection, and trans-isthmic needle placement under ultrasound guidance.
• Ablation is performed using specific power settings (RFA: 30-40 W, MWA: 35-50 W) with the moving-shot technique.

Main Results:

• Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) confirms complete nodule devascularization post-ablation.
• Immediate supplementary ablation is performed if residual enhancement is noted.
• Clinical and sonographic follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months assesses outcomes.

Conclusions:

• This protocol provides a comprehensive guide for RFA and MWA of benign thyroid nodules.
• Standardization enhances safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of thermal ablation.
• Minimally invasive thermal ablation is a viable and effective treatment option for benign thyroid nodules.