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Wireless Electrotactile System with Hydrogel-Based Electrodes for Conformal Tactile Interaction.

Yunting Lan¹, Kuanming Yao², Pujing Shi¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This study presents a wireless electrotactile interface for advanced haptic technology. The system provides pain-free tactile feedback and enhances navigation for visually impaired users, achieving high accuracy in Braille recognition.

Keywords:

biointerfacing conducting hydrogels conformable tactile interaction

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Haptic Technology
Neuroscience

Background:

Existing haptic technologies face limitations due to mechanical mismatch and integration challenges.
Electrotactile stimulation offers a promising avenue for tactile feedback but requires optimization for user comfort and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a wireless epidermal electrotactile interface that overcomes current haptic technology limitations.
To enable pain-free tactile sensation and improve navigation for visually impaired individuals.

Main Methods:

Integration of skin-conformal electrodes and flexible circuitry for a wireless interface.
Optimization of electrode-skin modulus matching and electrochemical interfaces to achieve low stimulation thresholds (<20 V).
Development of a millimeter-scale architecture with multiplexed stimulation channels mapped to Braille configurations.

Main Results:

Demonstration of pain-free tactile sensation generation on finger pads.
Achieved 91.90% alphanumeric recognition accuracy in human trials using Braille configurations.
Successfully demonstrated movement control capabilities for visually impaired users in complex environments.

Conclusions:

The developed wireless electrotactile interface effectively addresses limitations in current haptic technology.
The system offers a viable solution for enhancing tactile feedback, Braille recognition, and environmental navigation for the visually impaired, promoting greater independence.