Galvanic-Cell-Based Self-Powered Bioelectronic Devices

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Electrophysiology

Background:

• Conventional bioelectronic devices rely on external batteries and wires, limiting miniaturization, patient mobility, and increasing infection risks.
• The need for compact, implantable, and wirelessly powered bioelectronic systems is critical for advancing biomedical technologies.
• Current limitations hinder the full potential of bioelectronics in addressing healthcare challenges and improving human life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the emerging concept of galvanic-cell-based self-powered bioelectronic devices.
• To provide an overview of the principles and working mechanisms of biocompatible galvanic cells in galvanic devices.
• To explore diverse biomedical applications and control strategies for these self-powered systems.

Main Methods:

• Review of principles and working mechanisms of biocompatible galvanic cells.
• Analysis of galvanic electrodes as direct tissue-contacting interfaces.
• Discussion of electrical, chemical, biochemical, and hybrid modulation strategies.
• Examination of passive and active control strategies for galvanic devices.

Main Results:

• Galvanic cells integrated as tissue-contacting electrodes enable self-powered bioelectronic devices.
• Biocompatible galvanic cells support electrical, chemical, and hybrid modulation for various biomedical applications.
• Both passive and active control strategies can be implemented for galvanic devices.
• Self-powered systems overcome limitations of conventional wired, battery-dependent devices.

Conclusions:

• Galvanic-cell-based self-powered bioelectronic devices represent a significant advancement in biomedical technology.
• These devices offer enhanced compactness, mobility, and reduced complication risks compared to traditional systems.
• Further development of galvanic devices holds promise for future biomedical applications, despite existing challenges.