Cell membrane biomimetic nanomaterials: a novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy

Cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles (CMBNs) represent a promising avenue in tumor treatment due to their unique characteristics, including immune evasion, prolonged circulation time, and tumor-specific targeting capabilities. These properties enable precise drug delivery to tumor sites, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Mixed membrane biomimetic nanoparticles are also reviewed for their ability to integrate multiple therapeutic functions, enhancing outcomes in combination therapies such as photothermal, photodynamic, and sonodynamic therapies. The application of CMBNs in tumor treatment as a combination therapy has not yet been comprehensively summarized and evaluated. This indicates that there is a lack of detailed research on the effectiveness, safety, and how this technology can be combined with other treatment methods in clinical practice. This review concludes that tailoring membrane materials to specific therapeutic needs is key to optimizing treatment strategies and advancing clinical applications.