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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

121.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
121.5K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

42.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
42.2K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

70.0K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
70.0K
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

58.4K
Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
58.4K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

69.6K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
69.6K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

657
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
657

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
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Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

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Gel-Based Ionic Circuits.

Hyunjae Yoo1,2, Yun Hyeok Lee1, Min-Gyu Lee1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

Chemical Reviews
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic circuits using gels offer a novel approach to integrate biological and artificial systems. These gel-based ionic circuits exhibit unique functionalities beyond traditional electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Bioelectronics
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Ionic circuits leverage the properties of ions for signal transduction.
  • Gels offer mechanical compliance and adaptive characteristics suitable for ionic conduction.
  • Bridging biological and artificial systems requires novel conductive materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize gel-based ionic circuits.
  • To discuss their operating principles, materials, and challenges.
  • To highlight future opportunities in ionic device advancement.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of gel-based ionic circuits into four functional classes.
  • Comprehensive review of fundamental operating principles.
  • Analysis of materials strategies and current challenges.

Main Results:

  • Gel-based ionic circuits demonstrate selectivity, hysteresis, and chemical-electric signal transduction.
  • These circuits emulate traditional electronics while offering unique functionalities.
  • Four functional classes identified: passive, active, power sources, and non-circuit elements.

Conclusions:

  • Gel-based ionic circuits represent a promising platform for advanced bioelectronic devices.
  • Further research into materials and device design can unlock new applications.
  • Ionic devices offer unique advantages over traditional electronic systems.