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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

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A Polydopamine-Based Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Fentanyl Determination.

Michelle Tong¹, Rajesh G Pillai¹, Alexander Kobryn¹

¹National Research Council Canada - Quantum and Nanotechnologies Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This study developed a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for rapid fentanyl detection. The sensor shows high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, making it promising for real-world applications.

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Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs

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Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Fentanyl's illicit use necessitates rapid and reliable detection methods.
Existing detection techniques can be time-consuming or require specialized equipment.
Development of portable electrochemical sensors offers a promising alternative for on-site analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for the rapid and selective detection of fentanyl.
To optimize the sensor's performance and evaluate its stability and selectivity.
To assess the sensor's applicability in complex matrices like artificial urine.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a screen-printed electrode modified with carbon nanofiber-Pt nanoparticle composite.
Electrochemical grafting of polydopamine to create a MIP layer using fentanyl as a template.
Characterization of the sensor using spectroscopy, microscopy, and electrochemical techniques.
Optimization of sensor parameters and evaluation of binding kinetics via Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm.

Main Results:

The MIP sensor exhibited a dissociation constant (kd) of 16.13 μM and a limit of detection of 0.094 μM for fentanyl.
Demonstrated good run-to-run repeatability (RSD 6.7%) and batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD 9.1%).
Showcased excellent storage stability for 4 weeks (RSD ≤10%) and high selectivity against structurally similar compounds and in artificial urine.

Conclusions:

The developed MIP electrochemical sensor provides a sensitive, selective, and stable platform for rapid fentanyl detection.
The sensor's performance in artificial urine suggests its potential for practical forensic and clinical applications.
This technology represents a significant advancement in portable analytical devices for controlled substance monitoring.