High-density lipoproteins. Part 2. Impact of disease states on functionality

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cardiovascular Science
• Lipid Metabolism

Background:

• High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are traditionally viewed as protective against atherosclerosis.
• HDL particles possess a complex cargo, including proteins, lipids, and microRNAs, which dictates their diverse functions.
• HDL functionality is dynamic and influenced by individual genetic and metabolic status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted roles of HDL beyond its atheroprotective concept.
• To investigate how alterations in HDL composition affect its functionality in various disease states.
• To understand the complex relationship between HDL, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on HDL composition and function.
• Analysis of how metabolic and genetic factors modify HDL properties.
• Examination of HDL alterations in the context of specific diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Main Results:

• HDL functionality is highly variable, depending on its molecular cargo and the individual's metabolic/genetic background.
• Disease states, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, significantly alter HDL composition and impair its beneficial functions.
• Acute phase reactants can replace critical antioxidative moieties in HDL during inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

• HDL's role in cardiovascular health is more complex than previously thought, with potential for both beneficial and detrimental effects.
• Therapeutic strategies targeting HDL should consider its altered functionality in disease states rather than solely focusing on cholesterol levels.
• Further research is needed to fully comprehend HDL's intricate functions and harness its potential for disease management.