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Multi-objective optimization of three-dimensional riblet surfaces for hydrodynamic and acoustic performance.

Zixiao Wei1, Zilan Zhang1, Dahyun Daniel Lim1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
|September 2, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D riblet surface design inspired by shark skin. The optimized topography reduces drag and flow noise, enhancing efficiency and acoustic stealth for underwater applications.

Keywords:
Bayesian optimizationbioinspired riblet designcomputational fluid dynamicsflow-induced noiseunderwater acoustics

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinspired engineering
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Shark skin denticles inspire riblets for drag reduction.
  • Previous research focused on 2D riblets, leaving 3D topographies underexplored.
  • Complex 3D denticle-inspired surfaces challenge parameterization, simulation, and fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a 3D, riblet-reinforced surface topography.
  • Reduce drag and suppress flow-induced noise.
  • Provide a scalable solution for towed array sonar applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Bayesian optimization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • Developed and analyzed a novel 3D riblet-reinforced surface topography.
  • Performed flow field analysis to understand near-wall vorticity dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Optimal design reduced sound pressure level by 6.87 dB and drag by 0.34%.
  • Maximum noise reduction achieved was 8.81 dB, with a slight drag increase.
  • Maximum drag reduction was 5.18%, with significant noise suppression.

Conclusions:

  • CFD simulations and Bayesian optimization efficiently refine 3D riblet surfaces.
  • The developed topography balances noise mitigation and hydrodynamic performance.
  • This bioinspired design improves acoustic stealth and efficiency in underwater applications.