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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

388
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
388
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
3.1K
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

467
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
467
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
500
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

383
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
383
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
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A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

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Difference in Exposure and Tolerability when Comparing Intratracheal Instillation with Inhaled Delivery.

Mikael Brülls1, Elin Holmedal2, Ramon Hendrickx3

  • 1Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Drug delivery to the lungs via intratracheal instillation resulted in higher systemic exposure and lower lung drug levels compared to inhaled delivery. This invasive method may cause premature drug leakage into circulation.

Keywords:
exposureinhaledintratracheal instillationrodentstolerability

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A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Local delivery of drugs to the lungs is crucial for treating respiratory diseases.
  • Intratracheal instillation and inhaled delivery are common administration routes.
  • Understanding exposure differences is vital for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lung and systemic drug exposure following intratracheal instillation versus inhaled delivery.
  • To evaluate the impact of administration route on drug tolerability.
  • To elucidate the pharmacokinetic differences between these delivery methods for lung-targeted drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Rodents received equivalent lung doses of three distinct drugs via intratracheal instillation and inhaled delivery.
  • Plasma concentrations and lung drug fractions were quantified immediately post-administration.
  • Drug tolerability was assessed for one compound under both administration conditions.

Main Results:

  • Intratracheal instillation led to significantly higher initial plasma concentrations compared to inhaled delivery.
  • A lower initial fraction of the drug remained in the lungs after instillation.
  • One drug exhibited better tolerability with inhaled delivery than with intratracheal instillation.

Conclusions:

  • The invasive nature of intratracheal instillation may cause premature drug leakage into systemic circulation during administration.
  • Inhaled delivery appears to offer a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile for lung-targeted drugs.
  • Route of administration significantly influences drug exposure and tolerability for lung delivery.