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Related Concept Videos

Tonicity in Plants00:53

Tonicity in Plants

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Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Tonicity in Plants01:20

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Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration
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Moisture Microenvironment-Regulating Electro spun Membranes for Extending Litchi Shelf Life.

Juanhua Li1,2, Honglei Wang1,2, Guojian Chen1,2

  • 1College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.

Journal of Food Science
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel electrospun membrane incorporating carnauba wax (CW) and nano silica (SiO2) into a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix effectively preserves litchi. This material extends shelf-life by five days, reducing browning and nutrient loss.

Keywords:
hydrophobicitylitchimicroenvironmentmodified atmospherepreservation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Food Science
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Post-harvest litchi quality is compromised by browning, water loss, and nutrient degradation.
  • Effective preservation strategies are crucial for extending the shelf-life of fresh litchi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a moisture microenvironment-regulating electrospun membrane for litchi preservation.
  • To investigate the structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of the developed membrane.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the membrane in extending litchi shelf-life and maintaining quality.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrospun membranes incorporating carnauba wax (CW)@nano silica (SiO2) composite powder.
  • Characterization of membrane properties: dynamic water penetration equilibrium, microstructure, mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability.
  • Assessment of litchi preservation efficacy through extended shelf-life studies, monitoring weight loss, nutrient content, enzyme activity, and cell membrane integrity using techniques like MRI and LF-NMR.

Main Results:

  • The PET-2.5%CW@SiO2 electrospun membrane demonstrated enhanced tensile strength (8.49 MPa), elongation at break (67.56%), and water contact angle (140.82°).
  • The membrane effectively regulated moisture, exhibiting low water vapor absorption (0.33 g in 12 h) and maintaining dynamic equilibrium.
  • Packaging with PET-2.5%CW@SiO2 extended litchi shelf-life by five days, significantly reducing weight loss, nutrient degradation, enzyme activity (PPO, POD), and lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CW@SiO2-integrated PET electrospun membrane is a promising material for post-harvest litchi preservation.
  • The membrane effectively inhibits water loss and browning, thereby maintaining the nutritional quality and extending the shelf-life of litchi.
  • This technology offers a novel approach to addressing post-harvest challenges in litchi and potentially other fruits.