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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.3K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

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Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: A Case Series.

Yousef Alalawi1, Tahani N Alrashidi1, Sarah Shafie1

  • 1Department of Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU.

Cureus
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), often linked to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, typically presents as a fast-growing thyroid mass. Core needle biopsy is crucial for diagnosing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the predominant PTL subtype.

Keywords:
chemotherapy (ct)core needle biopsyhashimoto's thyroiditisprimary thyroid lymphoma (ptl)radiotherapy (rt)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy.
  • PTL frequently co-occurs with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  • Treatment for PTL differs from other thyroid cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentation of PTL.
  • To evaluate diagnostic methods for PTL.
  • To analyze treatment strategies for PTL.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of seven PTL patients (2017-2021).
  • Data collected on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Main Results:

  • Seven patients (5 female, 2 male; mean age 57.8) diagnosed with PTL.
  • Four patients had co-existing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  • Rapidly enlarging thyroid mass with compression symptoms was common.
  • Core needle biopsy and surgical excision were diagnostic.
  • All cases confirmed as DLBCL.
  • Mortality observed in two patients (stages III and IV).

Conclusions:

  • Rapidly growing thyroid mass with Hashimoto's thyroiditis suggests PTL.
  • DLBCL is the predominant PTL subtype.
  • Core needle biopsy is superior to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosis.
  • Surgery is primarily diagnostic; prognosis depends on disease stage.