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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
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Types of Toxins01:36

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
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Ionizing Radiation Exposure: What are the Risks Today?

Saumya S Gurbani1, Ichiro Ikuta2, Mina S Makary3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.S.G.).

Academic Radiology
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medical imaging is crucial for patient care, but poses risks from ionizing radiation. This review examines radiation risks, dose reduction technologies, and safety protocols for radiologists.

Keywords:
Ionizing radiationRadiation exposureRadiation risksRadiation safety

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Health Physics

Background:

  • Medical imaging is integral to modern diagnostics and patient management.
  • Evolving imaging technologies present challenges in balancing diagnostic utility with radiation exposure risks.
  • The radiology community must address the safety implications of ionizing radiation in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated literature review on the risks of ionizing radiation in medical imaging.
  • To discuss technological advancements aimed at reducing radiation dose.
  • To present best practices for radiation safety protocols in medical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search on ionizing radiation risks and dose reduction techniques.
  • Analysis of current technological innovations in medical imaging equipment.
  • Review of established and emerging safety protocols for radiation protection.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key diagnostic procedures associated with significant ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Overview of advanced imaging techniques and hardware modifications for dose optimization.
  • Synthesis of evidence-based recommendations for minimizing patient and staff radiation doses.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of ionizing radiation risks is essential in medical imaging.
  • Technological progress offers significant opportunities for radiation dose reduction.
  • Adherence to robust safety protocols is paramount for safe and effective medical imaging practices.