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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Developing a Sleepiness Scale for Nurses and Physicians: A Methodological Study.

Ali Kaplan1, Özlem Kaplan2, Cevriye Özdemir1

  • 1Department of Medical Services and Techniques, İncesu Ayşe and Saffet Arslan Health Services Vocational School, University of Kayseri, Kayseri, Türkiye.

Nursing Open
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new 19-item scale effectively measures sleepiness in nurses and physicians working night shifts. This valid and reliable tool assesses cognitive effects, difficulty staying awake, and coping strategies, enhancing healthcare safety.

Keywords:
nursephysicianscale developmentsleepiness

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare worker well-being
  • Nursing and medical research
  • Sleep science and occupational health

Background:

  • Healthcare worker sleepiness poses risks to patient and staff safety.
  • Objective assessment of sleepiness in night-shift nurses and physicians is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a reliable scale for measuring sleepiness in nurses and physicians working night shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Methodological study design utilizing literature review and qualitative data analysis.
  • Content validity assessed by 21 experts; scale administered to 255 nurses and 230 physicians.
  • Statistical analyses included KMO, Bartlett's test, EFA, PCA, Varimax rotation, CFA, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman, and Wilcoxon tests.

Main Results:

  • A 19-item, three-factor scale was developed: 'cognitive and physical effects of sleepiness', 'difficulty keeping awake', and 'sleepiness coping strategies'.
  • Exploratory factor analysis indicated sufficient data (KMO > 0.5), with three factors explaining 58.927% of variance.
  • High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.923 total) and satisfactory test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.958) were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Sleepiness Scale is a valid and reliable instrument.
  • This scale can accurately assess the severity of sleepiness in night-shift nurses and physicians.
  • Improved sleepiness assessment can contribute to enhanced healthcare safety.