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Clinical Indicators Used to Identify Femoral Neck Bone Stress Injuries: A Scoping Review
Samuel Ellestad1, Joshua Bryant1, McKenna Wilson1
1Department of Army-Baylor Programs, Army-Baylor Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, United States Army Medical Center of Excellence, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States.
Femoral neck bone stress injuries (FNBSI) in soldiers are often indicated by increased physical activity and hip or groin pain. This review summarizes clinical findings to improve FNBSI diagnosis and guide future research.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Military Medicine
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Femoral neck bone stress injuries (FNBSI) are prevalent in military trainees, with high incidence rates.
- Accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of further injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review of clinical findings indicative of FNBSI.
- To inform clinical decision-making and identify research gaps in FNBSI diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search for articles on clinical diagnosis of FNBSI using subjective or objective measures.
- Inclusion of case studies, cohort studies, and systematic reviews; exclusion of non-English, cadaver, intervention-based, pediatric, or unrelated injury studies.
Main Results:
- Case reports were the most common publication type (58%), followed by cohort studies (38%) and systematic reviews (4%).
- Common clinical indicators identified include a history of increased physical activity and insidious onset of hip or groin pain.
Conclusions:
- The identified clinical indicators can aid clinicians in diagnosing FNBSI.
- This review highlights the need for appropriate utilization of diagnostic imaging in FNBSI diagnosis.
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