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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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Effects of chewing on postural learning: An experimental pre-post intervention study.

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  • 1Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

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Chewing before postural training improves balance by reducing energy expenditure. This effect, measured by changes in Centre of Pressure (CoP) sway, persists for at least five hours post-training.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Postural control is crucial for balance and involves complex sensorimotor integration.
  • Previous research suggests motor activities can influence subsequent postural learning and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of chewing as a motor activity on postural learning in healthy adults.
  • To compare the impact of chewing versus hand grip on postural control parameters.

Main Methods:

  • 16 healthy volunteers underwent postural assessments in bipedal and unipedal stances under various support and visual conditions.
  • Participants engaged in either 2 minutes of chewing or rhythmic hand grip before unipedal stance training.
  • Centre of Pressure (CoP) parameters, including velocity, path length, and sway area, were measured before and after training, with follow-ups at 5 hours.

Main Results:

  • Postural training in unipedal stance led to decreased CoP velocity and path length in both groups.
  • The hand grip group showed a decrease in body sway area, while the chewing group maintained a constant sway area but reduced energy expenditure (Length in Function of Surface).
  • Improvements in unipedal stance parameters were maintained 5 hours post-training and correlated with changes in bipedal stance.

Conclusions:

  • Chewing, compared to hand grip, promotes a postural strategy with lower energy cost and greater adaptability in CoP oscillations.
  • Postural training adaptations in unipedal stance transfer to bipedal stance, influenced by the preceding motor activity.
  • Chewing prior to postural training may enhance balance by optimizing energy expenditure, though further research is needed to confirm improved security in balance.