Nurses' simulation-based medical error experiences: A qualitative study

BackgroundMedical errors represent a significant threat to patient safety, often stemming from miscommunication and negligence. Nurses play a critical role in preventing such errors; however, they frequently underreport or conceal them. Simulation-based applications provide a controlled and safe environment where nurses can experience and reflect on medical errors, thereby enhancing their awareness and contributing to improved patient safety practices.AimThe study aims to investigate nurses' experiences with medical errors using a simulation and to provide an in-depth understanding of their behaviors.Research designDescriptive phenomenological qualitative research.Participantsand research context: The study was conducted with 10 nurses at a university hospital between March and April 2023. Simulation scenarios were developed in line with the INACSL standards. Data were collected using a descriptive form and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive phenomenological analysis.Ethical considerationsThis study was approved by the Karadeniz Technical University Health Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee (approval no.2022/60) on 06.05.2024. Informed consent was obtained from the participants.ResultsDuring the simulation practices, nurses exhibited two distinct behaviors concerning medical errors: concealment (n = 4) and disclosure (n = 6). The analysis identified two themes and 12 subthemes based on the nurses' experiences.ConclusionThe study concluded that nurses exhibited a range of behaviors and emotions in response to medical errors, with these responses influenced by various underlying factors. The findings of this study are anticipated to inform strategies for managing medical errors encountered by nurses. Future research should focus on integrating and evaluating simulation-based approaches to medical error management within nursing education.