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Action design research to develop an interactive dashboard to visualise and compare patient data from Irish general
Heike Vornhagen1, Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela2,3, Katarzyna Stasiewicz1
1Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
BMJ Open
|September 4, 2025
Summary
Irish general practitioners (GPs) can now use the CARA dashboard to visualize patient data and compare practice performance. This tool aids understanding and improves data-driven decision-making in general practice.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- General Practice Data Visualization
- User-Centered Design in Healthcare
Background:
- General practitioners (GPs) require enhanced tools for understanding practice data.
- Existing data visualization methods may not fully meet the needs of primary care physicians.
- Interactive dashboards can potentially improve data interpretation and utilization in general practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and develop interactive CARA dashboards for Irish GPs.
- To enable visualization and comparison of patient data among general practices.
- To improve GPs' understanding and engagement with their practice data.
Main Methods:
- An interpretivist qualitative approach was employed, including interviews with GPs.
- A four-stage design process: problem formulation, building/intervention/evaluation, reflection/learning, and formalization of learning.
- Iterative testing of the CARA dashboard prototype with GPs, design experts, and domain experts.
Main Results:
- Key challenges identified included context, sense-making, audits, relevance, action, engagement, and ease of use.
- The CARA dashboard prototype was developed, initially focusing on antibiotic prescribing with automated audits and comparative analytics.
- A design thinking approach successfully captured GP perspectives and identified unmet needs.
Conclusions:
- Useful dashboards require understanding user needs and continuous user involvement in design.
- Future steps include incremental GP adoption and studies on dashboard engagement.
- Expansion to include dashboards for other areas, such as chronic disease management, is planned.
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