Microorganisms in mosquitoes for controlling mosquito-borne viral diseases: from lab to field

Mosquito-borne viral diseases pose a growing global health threat, with over half of the world's population living in high-risk areas. In the absence of effective vaccines or antiviral therapies for most mosquito-borne viruses, vector control remains the primary strategy. However, traditional insecticides face rising resistance and ecological concerns. Microbe-derived agents have emerged as promising, sustainable alternatives. This review summarizes advances in microbe-based control strategies, focusing on mechanisms of action, translational relevance, and field application. Particular attention is given to bacterial, fungal, and viral agents that have progressed from laboratory studies to field use. The review highlights promising microbial candidates and offers strategic insights to guide the development and integration of next-generation tools for controlling mosquito-borne viral diseases.