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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
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Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

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CRISPR interference in a Streptococcus agalactiae Multi-locus Sequence Type 17 Strain.

William D Cutts, Aidan W Flanagan, Brice Gorman

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a CRISPR interference system for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) ST-17 strains. This tool enables targeted gene knockdown to study GBS meningitis pathogenesis at the blood-brain barrier.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Genetics
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis.
    • Hypervirulent serotype III, sequence type 17 (ST-17) GBS strains, like COH1, are strongly linked to severe neonatal disease.
    • Genetic manipulation of ST-17 GBS strains is difficult, hindering research into virulence factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for targeted gene knockdown in the ST-17 GBS COH1 strain.
    • To enable functional genomics and high-throughput screening of GBS virulence factors.
    • To facilitate research into GBS pathogenesis at the blood-brain barrier.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system using catalytically inactivated Cas9 (dCas9) in the COH1 GBS strain.
    • Confirmation of system efficacy using hemolysis assays, qPCR, and in vitro infection models with human brain endothelial cells.
    • Targeted knockdown of key virulence genes including pilA, srr2, and iagA.

    Main Results:

    • Successful implementation of a tunable CRISPRi system in ST-17 GBS COH1.
    • Demonstrated phenotypic knockdowns of essential GBS virulence genes.
    • Reduced bacterial adhesion, invasion, and inflammatory responses at the blood-brain barrier.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed CRISPRi system provides a versatile platform for rapid gene knockdown in ST-17 GBS.
    • This tool overcomes previous genetic manipulation challenges in COH1.
    • Enables advanced research into GBS pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions at the blood-brain barrier.