Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A controlled longitudinal study clarifies the contours of pediatric long COVID.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokines Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Clinical Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccination and Acute Respiratory Illness in Infants.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

The bacterial cell membrane acts as a dynamic heme reservoir during group B <i>Streptococcus</i> bloodstream infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Comparison of influenza hemagglutination inhibition titers from capillary blood versus venipuncture.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2026
Same author

Maternal RSV Vaccination, Infant Nirsevimab, or Both: Interim Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
05:22

Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: December 30, 2025

Placental Pathogens Associated With Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.

Alicia Liu1,2, Caitlin Little1,3, Talia Dubowitz4

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial infections in high-risk pregnancies lead to adverse outcomes. Group B Streptococcus and E. coli are common, with emerging pathogens identified, highlighting the need for updated antibiotic strategies.

Keywords:
maternal sepsismaternal-fetal interfaceneonatal sepsisplacentapregnancy

More Related Videos

Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface
07:04

Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface

Published on: July 21, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
05:22

Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: December 30, 2025

Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface
07:04

Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface

Published on: July 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections at the maternal-fetal interface are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and sepsis.
  • Current clinical guidelines for managing these infections often rely on outdated data.
  • The specific pathogenic organisms causing adverse outcomes during pregnancy are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize bacterial pathogens in placental cultures from high-risk pregnancies.
  • To correlate placental infections with maternal and neonatal outcomes.
  • To assess antimicrobial resistance patterns for guiding treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 714 placental cultures from high-risk deliveries (2014-2019).
  • Cultures were classified as pathogenic or nonpathogenic.
  • Clinical outcomes, histopathology, and antimicrobial susceptibility were compared between groups.

Main Results:

  • Pathogenic organisms were found in 69% of placental cultures.
  • Group B Streptococcus (22.5%) and Escherichia coli (7.4%) were the most frequent pathogens.
  • Pathogenic cultures were associated with significantly higher rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and histopathologic chorioamnionitis.

Conclusions:

  • Placental bacterial pathogens in high-risk pregnancies are linked to significant perinatal morbidity.
  • While Group B Streptococcus and E. coli persist, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus spp., and anaerobes like Prevotella may be emerging pathogens.
  • Placental cultures can serve as a surveillance tool to inform empiric antibiotic use in obstetric practice.