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Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites
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Aging and Staining Effects on Optical Properties of Flowable Composites.

M M Sly1,2, Y Korkmaz-Ceyhan1,2, F Dini1

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed how artificial aging and staining affect the color, translucency, and gloss of flowable resin composites. Results show these factors significantly impact optical properties, varying by material and staining procedure.

Keywords:
biomimeticcomposite/hard tissuedental/craniofacial material

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Resin composites are preferred dental restoratives due to esthetics and improved properties.
  • Optimizing resin matrix and filler particles enhances mechanical and optical characteristics.
  • Evaluating optical properties like translucency is key for predicting long-term performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in color, translucency, and gloss of flowable resin composites after artificial accelerated aging and staining.
  • To determine the influence of common staining agents (black tea, coffee, red wine) on these optical properties.
  • To assess material and procedure-dependent variations in the response of resin composites.

Main Methods:

  • Nine commercial flowable resin composites were subjected to artificial accelerated aging (AAA) and staining.
  • Color and translucency were measured using a spectrophotometer before and after treatments.
  • Gloss was measured using a small-area glossmeter before and after treatments.
  • Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between material and procedure was found for color changes (p < 0.05).
  • All tested composites showed translucency parameter changes within clinically acceptable ranges.
  • High gloss retention percentages were observed across all tested composites after treatments.
  • Artificial accelerated aging and staining significantly affected color stability, translucency, and gloss retention.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial accelerated aging and staining significantly impact the optical properties of flowable resin composites.
  • The observed changes in color, translucency, and gloss are dependent on both the specific composite material and the staining procedure.
  • While color stability varied, translucency remained within acceptable clinical limits, and gloss retention was generally high.