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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
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Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

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A Human Progenitor Cell-Based Tissue Engineered Intervertebral Disc.

Sage S Frehner1,2, Matthew Fainor3,4, Galina Dulatov1

  • 1DiscGenics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discogenic progenitor cells from nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus show promise for tissue-engineered intervertebral disc replacements. These cells create superior, stable replacements compared to mesenchymal stromal cells, offering a potential solution for low back pain.

Keywords:
annulus fibrosuselectrospun scaffoldhydrogelmesenchymal stromal cellsnucleus pulposus

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A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
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A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration causes low back pain, with tissue engineering offering potential regeneration therapies.
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for IVD repair but have not yielded FDA-approved treatments.
  • Current research lacks characterization of discogenic progenitor cell behavior in 3D culture and its impact on extracellular matrix deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize human nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) discogenic progenitor cells.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of discogenic cells in creating tissue-engineered IVD replacements (eDAPS) compared to MSCs.
  • To assess the influence of 2D vs. 3D culture expansion on discogenic cell behavior and matrix deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Discogenic NP and AF progenitor cells were expanded in 2D or 3D culture.
  • Tissue-engineered IVD replacements (eDAPS) were fabricated using discogenic cells or MSCs (goat/human).
  • eDAPS were analyzed for extracellular matrix deposition, regional phenotype stability, and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Discogenic cells deposited more extracellular matrix overall compared to MSCs.
  • Matrix deposition was distinct between NP and AF discogenic cell-derived eDAPS, with greater homogeneity within regions.
  • Discogenic cells showed minimal collagen X deposition, indicating a more stable phenotype resistant to hypertrophy and calcification, unlike MSC-derived eDAPS.

Conclusions:

  • Human discogenic NP and AF cells are viable and superior cell sources for creating living, whole IVD replacements (eDAPS).
  • Discogenic cell-derived eDAPS demonstrated enhanced compositional and mechanical properties compared to MSC-based eDAPS.
  • These findings support the potential of discogenic cells for developing effective treatments for degenerative disc disease and associated low back pain.