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How Learning Styles Characterize Medical Students, Surgical Residents, Medical Staff, and General Surgery Teachers
Gabriela Gouvea Silva1, Marco Antonio Ribeiro Filho1, Carlos Dario da Silva Costa1
1Center for Studies and Development of Health, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil, 55 17982022252.
JMIR Medical Education
|September 5, 2025
Summary
This scoping review highlights a limited focus on learning styles in surgical education, primarily in North America and Europe. Future research should broaden geographical scope and include medical staff and faculty to improve surgical training.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education Research
- Surgical Training
- Learning Sciences
Background:
- Learning styles are individual characteristics influencing educational effectiveness.
- Existing research suggests a link between learning styles and career choices, including surgery.
- A comprehensive review is needed to organize current knowledge on learning styles in surgical education.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and map studies on learning styles in medical students, surgical residents, and faculty.
- To synthesize existing data on learning style patterns within surgical training programs.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search was conducted across Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed.
- Keywords included "learning, style" and "surgery," with MeSH terms utilized.
- 25 articles were selected after initial screening of 213 articles and independent analysis.
Main Results:
- The majority of studies (96%) were grounded in cognitive theories.
- Commonly used instruments included the Visual, Aural, Read, Kinesthetic (VARK) method (36%) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (40%).
- Research is concentrated in North America (64%) and Europe (24%), focusing mainly on surgical residents (84%) during the 2010s.
Conclusions:
- Research on learning styles in surgery education is limited, geographically concentrated, and predominantly features surgical residents.
- Significant gaps exist in geographical diversity and research involving medical staff and faculty.
- Further studies with a wider scope are essential to enhance educational strategies in surgery.
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