Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On the Relation Between the Interstimulus Intervals and Multi-Muscle nTMS Motor Mapping.

Brain topography·2025
Same author

A reliable and reproducible real-time access to sensorimotor rhythm with a small number of optically pumped magnetometers.

Journal of neural engineering·2025
Same author

Are circadian rhythms in disarray in patients with chronic critical illness?

Sleep medicine: X·2024
Same author

Real-time low latency estimation of brain rhythms with deep neural networks.

Journal of neural engineering·2023
Same author

Two-year outcomes of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: a prospective cohort study in Russian Federation.

Annals of palliative medicine·2022
Same author

One-Year Demographical and Clinical Indices of Patients with Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.

Brain sciences·2021
Same journal

Decoding neuronal criticality firing patterns for large brain based EEG models.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Segmentation of the parasagittal dura mater on multi-center 3D-FLAIR MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K

Hardware-enabled low latency rhythmic brain state tracking for brain stimulation applications.

Milana Makarova1, Nikita Fedosov2, Julia Nekrasova1

  • 1Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.

Neuroimage
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HarPULL is a novel real-time system for tracking brain oscillations. This technology enables precise, instantaneous brain-computer interaction, paving the way for advanced neuroscientific research and clinical applications.

More Related Videos

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research
10:28

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.4K
A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K
Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research
10:28

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.4K
A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Future neuroscience demands real-time, context-dependent brain-computer interfaces.
  • Existing systems often face delays, limiting bidirectional interaction with nervous tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop HarPULL, a genuinely real-time system for tracking oscillatory brain states.
  • To enable instantaneous, non-invasive interaction with the living brain for research and clinical use.

Main Methods:

  • HarPULL utilizes a state-space estimation framework with Kalman filtering for real-time phase and amplitude tracking.
  • The algorithm is implemented on an EEG amplifier's computational core with a real-time operating system to minimize data transfer delays.
  • System performance was validated using simulated and real data, including real-time state-dependent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Main Results:

  • The steady-state colored Kalman filter, accounting for 1/f brain noise, improved phase tracking accuracy.
  • HarPULL demonstrated a minimal 2 ms delay in triggering TMS based on cortical rhythm phase.
  • Real-time TMS triggered by HarPULL significantly modulated motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) based on sensorimotor rhythm state.
  • Phase-dependent muscle cortical representation (MCR) maps were generated in real-time, showing improved muscle delineation during excitation states.

Conclusions:

  • HarPULL represents the first truly real-time technology for instantaneous tracking of brain rhythmic activity.
  • This system establishes near-instantaneous non-invasive contact with the brain.
  • HarPULL has broad potential applications in clinical diagnostics and scientific research.