Impact of Different Lithiation Mechanisms Across Transition Metal Oxide Anodes on Performances for High-Energy...

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are a promising material for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). TMO anode can be classified on the basis of their lithiation/delithiation mechanism, such as intercalation mechanism-based TMO anode, conversion mechanism-based TMOs, and alloying/dealloying mechanism-based TMO anode. Each class of TMOs has its own advantages and limitations. To address those limitations, a clear understanding of the dependency of performance on lithiation/delithiation behavior and the dependency of lithiation/delithiation on various factors, such as element, crystal structure, and hybrid structures, is reasonably necessary. This review article provides a mechanistic overview of all these factors that affect the specific performance of TMOs' anode for next-generation LIBs. Moreover, emerging strategies to increase the performance of TMOs' anode in LIBs have also been discussed. Finally, some future outlooks on TMOs' anode research are also provided, which paved the pathways for developing next-generation LIBs.