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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Asthma-OSA overlap syndrome: A distinct endophenotype?

Antonio Fabozzi1, Izolde Bouloukaki2, Matteo Bonini1

  • 1Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.

Respiratory Medicine
|September 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Alternative Overlap Syndrome (aOVS), the coexistence of asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is underdiagnosed. Identifying aOVS as a distinct endophenotype is crucial for personalized asthma and OSA management.

Keywords:
Alternative overlap syndromeAsthmaBronchial asthmaContinuous positive airway pressureDisorders of excessive somnolenceObstructive sleep apneaPolysomnography

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently coexist, forming alternative overlap syndrome (aOVS).
  • This condition is often underestimated and underdiagnosed, despite shared risk factors like obesity, GERD, and rhinitis.
  • aOVS presents unique pathophysiological characteristics, including low arousal threshold, nocturnal bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and autonomic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on aOVS, covering its pathophysiology, clinical, functional, and therapeutic aspects.
  • To evaluate if aOVS represents a distinct endophenotype requiring tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing aOVS for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on asthma and OSA overlap.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking asthma and OSA.
  • Evaluation of clinical, functional, and therapeutic data from patients with aOVS.

Main Results:

  • aOVS patients exhibit reduced FEV1 and increased nocturnal hypoxemia compared to those with single conditions.
  • The syndrome is associated with poorer asthma control, more frequent exacerbations, and diminished quality of life.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy improves asthma control, symptom burden, and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • aOVS should be recognized as a distinct clinical endophenotype.
  • Timely identification and personalized management strategies are essential for improving patient care.
  • Further research is needed to understand long-term outcomes and optimize personalized therapies for aOVS.