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Research progress of DNA barcoding in precision medicine and molecular diagnosis- A review
Zhihui Zhou1, Dongsheng Mao2, Guifang Chen1
1Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
Background:
A DNA barcode is a short DNA fragment used to classify and identify specific organisms, taking advantage of the specificity and diversity inherent in biological molecules. Since Herbert introduced the concept in 2003, DNA barcoding has been increasingly used in precision medicine and related fields, including species identification and environmental monitoring, over the past few decades. Although numerous molecular diagnostic techniques have emerged, many face notable obstacles such as sensitivity to handling conditions, high expenses, and limitations in accuracy. To overcome these issues, researchers have progressively integrated DNA barcoding with various molecular biology methods.
Results:
This review examines different types of DNA barcodes and their applications in precision medicine, emphasizing their clear benefits over conventional species identification approaches, particularly in terms of biocompatibility, specificity, and the precision of molecular detection.
Significance And Novelty:
Being the first comprehensive overview of DNA barcoding technology, this review addresses a critical knowledge gap in cross-platform methodological integration. Innovations in DNA barcoding can greatly improve the detection efficiency of biomolecules and cellular components. Furthermore, DNA barcoding holds strong potential for wider use in clinical medicine, diagnostic testing, and immunology, especially in personalized medicine and rapid pathogen detection.
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