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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Complexes Originating From Right Ventricular False Tendons.

Jianwei Zhao1, Jie Yang1, Xia Wang1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Right ventricular false tendons (RVFTs) can cause premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular inflow tract (RVIT). Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) helps identify these RVFTs for improved ablation success.

Keywords:
ablationidiopathic premature ventricular complexesintracardiac echocardiographyright ventricular false tendons

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ablation for right ventricular inflow tract (RVIT) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) presents challenges.
  • The role of right ventricular false tendons (RVFTs) in RVIT PVCs is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RVFTs as potential arrhythmogenic substrates for RVIT PVCs.
  • To develop an improved mapping and ablation protocol for RVIT PVCs using RVFT identification.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 63 patients with RVIT PVCs, identifying 6 with RVFTs.
  • Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) for RVFT visualization, right ventricle geometry reconstruction, and ablation targeting.
  • Morphological and histological examination of RVFTs from swine hearts.

Main Results:

  • RVFTs were located in the right ventricle free wall, with consistent subvalvular myocardial connections.
  • Three-dimensional ICE reconstruction aided in precise ablation target localization.
  • Histological analysis revealed cardiac muscle and fibrous tissue components in RVFTs, suggesting arrhythmogenic potential.

Conclusions:

  • RVFTs are identified as potential arrhythmogenic and electro-anatomical substrates for RVIT PVCs.
  • ICE-guided identification and reconstruction of RVFTs can enhance the efficacy of PVC ablation procedures.