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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
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Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
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Mammalian motile cilia: Structure, formation, organization, and function.

Xueliang Zhu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Motile cilia are essential hair-like structures in mammals, crucial for development and organ function. Their proper assembly and organization in multiciliated cells are vital for preventing disorders like ciliopathies.

Keywords:
AxonemeBasal bodyCentrioleMammalMotile ciliaPlanar cell polarity

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cilia are conserved eukaryotic organelles, functioning as signaling antennae or motile structures.
  • Dysfunctional cilia cause ciliopathies, a range of developmental and degenerative disorders.
  • Motile cilia in mammalian epithelial cells are critical for reproduction, development, and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cell biology of mammalian motile cilia.
  • To highlight the complexities of multiciliated cell formation and function.
  • To use the mouse as a model organism for studying motile cilia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mammalian motile cilia.
  • Analysis of centriole biogenesis and component assembly.
  • Examination of multiciliated cell organization and polarization.

Main Results:

  • Motile cilia require precise regulation of centriole biogenesis.
  • Multiciliated cells necessitate accurate assembly of numerous structural components.
  • Proper organization and polarization of cilia are essential for their functions.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian motile cilia are complex organelles with critical roles.
  • Multiciliated cell formation involves breaking strict cellular controls.
  • Understanding motile cilia biology is key to addressing ciliopathies.