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Tunable Fractal Morphogenesis in Reaction-Diffusion Crystallization: From Dendrites to Compact Aggregates.

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Summary

Reaction-diffusion frameworks enable fractal crystallization, mimicking diffusion-limited aggregation. Gelatin matrices yield DLA-like benzoic acid crystals, while agar alters morphology, showing matrix influence on fractal growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Fractal growth is crucial for self-assembly in chemical and materials systems.
  • The link between reaction-diffusion frameworks (RDF) and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) is not well understood.
  • Understanding fractal crystallization mechanisms is key for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively demonstrate RDF-driven fractal crystallization of benzoic acid.
  • To investigate the correlation between fractal dimension, diffusion rate, and gel-matrix chemistry.
  • To explore the influence of gel-network interactions on crystallization pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of fractal crystallization of benzoic acid in different gel matrices (gelatin, agar).
  • Characterization using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
  • Monte Carlo simulations of DLA and reverse-phase diffusion experiments.

Main Results:

  • Benzoic acid crystallized into DLA-like dendritic structures in gelatin, with fractal dimensions of ~1.71-1.74.
  • Agar-based systems produced spherulitic morphologies, highlighting gel-network influence.
  • Slower diffusion rates led to thicker branches and reduced fractal dimensions.
  • Simulations confirmed that supersaturation gradients modulate particle adhesion in DLA.

Conclusions:

  • RDF crystallization is a versatile platform for engineering fractal architectures.
  • Gel-matrix chemistry critically influences crystallization pathways and resulting morphologies.
  • Findings offer new strategies for hierarchical material design, biomimetic crystallization, and soft-matter self-assembly.