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Related Concept Videos

Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Nasal Cytology and Clinical Rhinology Support a Translational Integrative Neuroscience Perspective.

Wael Abu Ruqa1, Martina Romeo1, Gianluca Cipolloni2

  • 1Complex Operative Unit (UOC) Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Rieti-Sapienza University, 02100 Rieti, Italy.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nasal cytology offers a novel, non-invasive method for early diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This technique analyzes nasal cells for biomarkers, potentially transforming patient management.

Keywords:
biomarkerschronic rhinosinusitisnasal cytologyneurodegenerative diseasesneuroepithelium

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cytology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Olfactory disturbances are linked to neurological disorders.
  • Nasal cells offer a unique source for biomarker research.
  • Current diagnostic methods for neurodegenerative diseases have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of nasal cytology for diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • To investigate nasal cells as a source for early diagnostic biomarkers.
  • To highlight the role of nasal cytology in translational neuroscientific research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epithelial and neuroepithelial cells from nasal samples.
  • Utilizing in vitro cultured models for cell analysis.
  • Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence in cytological analysis.

Main Results:

  • Nasal cytology shows promise for identifying early stages of cognitive decline.
  • Biomarker profiles differ significantly between pre- and post-mortem samples.
  • Nasal cytology provides new avenues for integrative neuroscientific research.

Conclusions:

  • Nasal cytology is an emerging tool for diagnosing neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.
  • The nose serves as a valuable source for identifying early diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Integrating AI could establish nasal cytology as a key screening platform.