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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Tertiary Healthcare System01:21

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Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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A study of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

Bhoomika Venkateshappa1, Prasanna Narayanaswamy1, Koti Reddy Kandula Venkata1

  • 1Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India.

Irish Journal of Medical Science
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPTH) affects 13.4% of Indian hemodialysis patients. Survival outcomes were similar for parathyroidectomy and cinacalcet, but lower with phosphate binders.

Keywords:
CinacalcetParathyroidectomyPhosphate bindersTc-99 sestamibi scanTertiary hyperparathyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Limited data exists on tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPTH) in Indian chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis.
  • Mortality associated with THPTH in this population remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of THPTH in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in India.
  • To compare the survival rates of different treatment modalities for THPTH.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2017 to June 2022 at a tertiary care center.
  • Patients with suspected THPTH (high serum calcium, high alkaline phosphatase, PTH > 600 pg/mL) underwent diagnostic imaging.
  • A cohort of diagnosed THPTH patients was followed for 5 years to assess survival.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of THPTH among CKD patients was 13.4%.
  • Mean age of CKD stage 5 patients with THPTH was 55.17 ± 11.1 years.
  • Mean survival time was similar for patients treated with parathyroidectomy and cinacalcet, but lower for those on phosphate binders. Survival rates between cinacalcet and parathyroidectomy were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides valuable insights into THPTH prevalence in India.
  • The prospective design, large sample size, and comprehensive mineral metabolite measurements are key strengths.
  • Further research may be needed to explore long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies.