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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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[Harnessing retroviral engineering for genome reprogramming].

Philippe-Emmanuel Mangeot1, Théophile Ohlmann1

  • 1CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.

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Retroviral vectorology utilizes lentiviral vectors for gene delivery. Emerging defective retroviral particles offer transient delivery of genome-editing tools like CRISPR Cas9, addressing key challenges in genetic engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Advances in HIV-1 biology have spurred the development of retroviral vectorology.
  • Lentiviral vectors are widely used tools in laboratories for gene delivery applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major retroviral systems employed for genome manipulation.
  • To explore the evolution and application of genome engineering technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of retroviral assembly and integration mechanisms.
  • Overview of CRISPR-Cas9 and its derivatives for precise genome modification.
  • Discussion of defective retroviral particles for transient effector delivery.

Main Results:

  • Retroviral vectorology has evolved significantly, offering diverse tools for genetic manipulation.
  • Defective retroviral particles show promise for transient delivery of genome editors.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 systems enable high-precision genome editing.

Conclusions:

  • Retroviral systems are crucial for advancing genome engineering.
  • Overcoming challenges in effector delivery is key for effective genome manipulation.
  • The field continues to develop innovative tools for precise genetic modification.