[Cellular models of inflammation in the posterior segment of the eye: exploring pathogenic mechanisms]

Glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy are complex eye diseases that involve inflammation. Several cellular models are developed to study inflammation mechanisms in the posterior segment of the eye. These models, are composed of cells of various origins (human or animal), derived from different tissues (retina, choroid, skin, and umbilical cord) and belonging to different cell types (epithelial, endothelial, vascular, and neuronal). Multiple culture techniques are employed to analyze specific inflammatory responses. Various experimental approaches are used to induce inflammation in these cellular models and identify underlying molecular mechanisms. This review highlights the diversity of cell models used to study posterior ocular inflammation. It emphasizes the use of primary cell cultures, established cell lines, and different co-culture approaches. The goal is to further increase our understanding of these diseases which affect millions of people worldwide.