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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease.

Morgan E Grams1, Michal L Melamed1

  • 1NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York (M.E.G., M.L.M.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 14% of Americans, impacting kidney, heart, and metabolic health. Recent medications offer new hope for slowing disease progression and preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • 14% of Americans have chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by reduced glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria.
  • CKD is often linked to diabetes and hypertension, but its complex interplay with cardiovascular and metabolic health is increasingly recognized.
  • CKD progression can lead to severe metabolic issues and end-stage kidney disease, with cardiovascular events being a more frequent outcome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the primary objectives of CKD management.
  • To highlight recent therapeutic advancements in treating CKD.
  • To emphasize the importance of addressing cardiovascular and metabolic aspects alongside kidney function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of CKD pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of recent pharmacologic developments in CKD treatment.
  • Synthesis of treatment goals for slowing CKD progression and preventing comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • CKD management aims to preserve kidney function, mitigate cardiovascular risks, and manage metabolic disturbances.
  • Emerging pharmacologic agents demonstrate efficacy in addressing multiple facets of CKD simultaneously.
  • These advancements offer a more integrated approach to CKD care.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated treatment strategies are crucial for managing CKD.
  • Recent pharmacologic innovations provide effective options for comprehensive CKD management.
  • Addressing cardiovascular and metabolic health is integral to effective CKD treatment.