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Advanced Architectures and Emerging Materials for High-Operating-Temperature Infrared Photodiodes.

Yunxiang Di1,2, Kun Ba2,3, Xudong Wang4

  • 1College of Integrated Circuits & Micro-Nano Electronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

High-operating-temperature (HOT) infrared photodetectors eliminate bulky cooling systems. This review covers conventional and emerging materials for HOT infrared photodiodes, analyzing performance limitations and future directions.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • High-operating-temperature (HOT) infrared photodetectors are crucial for compact, energy-efficient infrared technologies.
  • Eliminating cryogenic cooling systems reduces size, weight, power, and cost.
  • Infrared photodiodes are key components in these advanced systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental performance limitations of infrared photodiodes at elevated temperatures.
  • To survey advancements in conventional and emerging material systems for HOT infrared photodiodes.
  • To provide a comparative analysis and future outlook for HOT infrared photodiode research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental mechanisms limiting photodetector performance at high temperatures.
Keywords:
HOT photodetectorsLWIRMWIRdevice architectureinfrared photodiodes

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  • Analysis of device architectures in conventional semiconductors (HgCdTe, InAsSb, III-V T2SL).
  • Survey of emerging material systems (colloidal quantum dots, 2D materials, thin films).

    • Main Results:

    • Conventional semiconductors show progress in suppressing dark currents and achieving background-limited performance.
    • Emerging materials offer new avenues for HOT infrared photodiode development.
    • Comparative analysis highlights strengths and weaknesses of different material systems at high temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • HOT infrared photodetectors are advancing rapidly, driven by innovations in both conventional and emerging materials.
    • Further research is needed to overcome remaining performance limitations and optimize device architectures.
    • These advancements promise widespread adoption of infrared technologies in various applications.