Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

5.2K
Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
5.2K
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

6.7K
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
6.7K
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

12.8K
The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
12.8K
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

2.8K
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
2.8K
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

4.1K
Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
4.1K
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

6.7K
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transient Boryl Assistance Enables Stereoselective Alkylation of Acyclic Tetrasubstituted Enolates.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Charge-Directed Photothermal Methane Dry Reforming Enabled by Interfacial TiO<sub>x</sub> Nanodomains.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroboration of Enamides.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Cryo-FIB Lift-Out and Electron Tomography Workflow for Bacteria-Nanopillar Interface Imaging Under Native Conditions: Investigating Dragonfly Inspired Bactericidal Titanium Surfaces.

Small methods·2026
Same author

Decadal gelatinization and phenological advancement of small jellyfish in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea.

Marine pollution bulletin·2026
Same author

Preparation and Synergistic Activation Mechanism of Cemented Backfill Materials Utilizing MSWI Fly Ash and Low-Titanium Slag.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Structural, optical, and morphological characterization of Cd<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via the co-precipitation method.

Discover nano·2026
Same journal

Computational study of magneto-hydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretchable surface with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity under motile microbes and slip effect.

Discover nano·2026
Same journal

Nanodrug delivery systems enhance traditional Chinese medicine treatment of osteoporosis.

Discover nano·2026
Same journal

Entropy generation analysis of radiative magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell hybrid ternary nanofluid flow over an inclined porous sheet.

Discover nano·2026
Same journal

Seamless human electronics interfacing through advanced skin attachable and implantable sensor technologies.

Discover nano·2026
Same journal

Nano-scale Al redistribution at grain boundaries governs growth morphology in β-(Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on sapphire substrate via MOCVD.

Discover nano·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy
11:55

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy

Published on: April 3, 2017

14.6K

Immunoelectron microscopy: a comprehensive guide from sample preparation to high-resolution imaging.

Jinsai Wu1, Bo Su1, Leiyan Gu2

  • 1Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.

Discover Nano
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoelectron Microscopy (IEM) precisely localizes biomolecules using electron microscopy and immunolabeling. This technique is crucial for understanding cellular structures, disease markers, and interactions in fields like nanomedicine.

Keywords:
Immunoelectron microscopyPost-embeddingPre-embeddingQuantitationTokuyasu

More Related Videos

Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging
07:33

Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging

Published on: March 19, 2019

11.3K
Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy
09:04

Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 27, 2018

20.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy
11:55

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy

Published on: April 3, 2017

14.6K
Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging
07:33

Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging

Published on: March 19, 2019

11.3K
Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy
09:04

Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 27, 2018

20.5K

Area of Science:

  • * Ultrastructural biology and nanomedicine.
  • * Advanced microscopy and molecular localization techniques.

Background:

  • * Immunoelectron Microscopy (IEM) combines immunolabeling with electron microscopy for subcellular biomolecule localization (<10 nm).
  • * IEM is vital for analyzing protein distribution, organelle interactions, and disease markers in synapse research, pathogen-host interactions, and tumor microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a systematic analysis of the Immunoelectron Microscopy (IEM) workflow.
  • * To highlight synergistic strategies for fixation, dehydration, and experimental method selection.
  • * To introduce quantitative analysis frameworks and multimodal integration for functional-structural co-localization.

Main Methods:

  • * Categorization of IEM into pre-embedding and post-embedding labeling techniques based on labeling sequence and sample processing.
  • * Discussion of complementary approaches: pre-embedding for labeling efficiency (sensitive antigens) and post-embedding for ultrastructural integrity (deep antigen accessibility).
  • * Introduction of quantitative analysis using systematic random sampling (SUR), deep learning (Gold Digger), FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction, and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM).

Main Results:

  • * Pre-embedding labeling offers high efficiency but limited structure preservation; post-embedding provides better structure preservation but faces challenges with resin penetration and epitope masking.
  • * Quantitative analysis frameworks and multimodal integration strategies enable precise functional-structural co-localization.
  • * Technological innovations and cross-platform integration are advancing ultrastructural pathology diagnostics and precision nanomedicine.

Conclusions:

  • * IEM is an indispensable tool for high-resolution molecular localization at the subcellular level.
  • * Balancing labeling efficiency and ultrastructural preservation is key to optimizing IEM techniques.
  • * Continued innovation in IEM workflows and integration with advanced analysis tools are driving progress in diagnostics and nanomedicine.