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Thyroid Foramen: Prevalence and CT Morphology.

Soma Kumasaka1, Yasuhiro Fukushima2, Daisuke Ozaki3

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan (S.K., Y.K., Y.T.).

Academic Radiology
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The thyroid foramen (TF), an anatomical variant of the thyroid cartilage, occurs in 25.7% of individuals. Recognizing this common finding on CT scans is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and surgical complications.

Keywords:
Anatomic variationComputed tomographyRadiographic anatomyThyroid cartilage

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The thyroid foramen (TF) is a congenital anatomical variant of the thyroid cartilage.
  • It can be mistaken for fractures or tumors, posing diagnostic and surgical challenges.
  • TF is currently under-recognized in routine radiological practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of the thyroid foramen (TF) in the population.
  • To describe the morphological characteristics of TF using computed tomography (CT).
  • To highlight the clinical significance of TF in radiological interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 300 noncontrast, thin-slice neck CT scans.
  • Definition of TF as a well-demarcated opening in the posterior thyroid cartilage.
  • Consensus evaluation by two experienced radiologists documenting TF presence, shape, laterality, and size.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid foramen (TF) was identified in 25.7% of patients (77/300).
  • TF prevalence was higher in males (27.8%) than females (22.6%), not statistically significant.
  • Mean TF dimensions were 3.1mm (long axis) and 2.6mm (short axis), larger in males.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid foramen (TF) is a common anatomical variant (25.7% prevalence) identifiable on thin-slice CT.
  • Increased awareness of TF is essential for radiologists to avoid misdiagnosis.
  • Recognizing TF can prevent potential surgical complications related to the thyroid cartilage.