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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Published on: October 29, 2013

A soft micron accuracy robot design and clinical validation for retinal surgery.

Yiqi Chen¹, Xiangyu Guo², Xin Ye¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Eye Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine,, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 314408, China.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering

|September 9, 2025

Summary

A new soft micron accuracy robot (SMAR) significantly improves precision and safety in delicate retinal surgery. Robot-assisted procedures showed reduced trajectory deviation and drift compared to manual operations.

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Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Robotics in Medicine
Ophthalmic Microsurgery
Surgical Technology

Background:

Retinal surgery demands extreme precision, often exceeding human hand capabilities.
Existing robotic systems offer tremor filtering and motion scaling for microsurgery.
A novel robotic solution is needed to enhance safety and accuracy in complex ophthalmic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel soft micron accuracy robot (SMAR) for enhanced retinal surgery.
To evaluate the precision, safety, and clinical outcomes of robot-assisted retinal surgery.
To assess the potential of SMAR in reducing surgeon training curves and addressing surgeon shortages.

Main Methods:

Designed and optimized a soft micron accuracy robot (SMAR) featuring a remote center of motion (RCM) parallelogram structure and adaptive balancing mechanism.
Evaluated trajectory deviation in simulated manual versus robot-assisted operations.
Assessed safety in live animal models and conducted preliminary human clinical trials focusing on surgical drift and visual acuity outcomes (LogMAR).

Main Results:

SMAR significantly reduced trajectory deviation from 143.06 ± 91.27 μm (manual) to 26.39 ± 13.22 μm (robot-assisted).
Robot-assisted surgery demonstrated substantially less drift (41.07 ± 20.78 μm) compared to manual operation (299.66 ± 85.84 μm) in clinical trials.
Preliminary results indicated improved visual acuity in the robot-assisted group, though without statistical significance.

Conclusions:

The soft micron accuracy robot (SMAR) offers a precise and safer approach to complex retinal microsurgery.
Robot-assisted retinal surgery shows significant improvements in reducing surgical error and enhancing patient outcomes.
SMAR technology holds promise for improving surgical training efficiency and addressing global ophthalmic surgeon shortages, particularly in underserved regions.